Soil

The diversity of species in the soil forms a strong network based on the principle of give and take. Some species consume dead organic substances as food, and the indigestible residues are further utilized by other organisms, creating a natural recycling system. The nutrients contained in organic matter are released during complex conversion processes, allowing plants to use them as a food source. Additionally, the soil acquires a good crumb structure when organisms bind organic and mineral soil components together. This structure increases the soil’s water storage capacity.  

The heroes in the soil perform other essential functions such as storing and filtering climate-damaging substances or pollutants.  

In short: Soil organisms significantly contribute to the thriving of plants on soils. The healthier and more diverse this underground ecosystem is, the better plants will grow above ground. Healthy soil is essential for gardening success.  

The Soil organisms need our protection to perform their vital functions: 

• Covering the ground with a layer of mulch (ex. leaves) buffers temperature fluctuations (hot/cold) and reduces water loss through evaporation. 

• Organic fertilizers, such as compost, provide soil organisms with nutrients, whereas purely mineral fertilizers do not.  

• Refrain from using pesticides as they harm soil organisms.  

• The individual soil layers should remain intact. It is better to loosen the soil with a spading fork instead of digging.  

• Work the soil with a grubber, cultivator, or garden hoe regularly to keep the topsoil fine and crumbly. This interrupts the capillaries through which water evaporates from the soil, ensuring that moisture remains in the soil longer. An old gardener's rule states, "One hoeing saves three waterings." 

• Avoid walking on gardening beds after rainfall to prevent compacted soil.  

• Temporarily sow green manure such as phacelia or buckwheat on empty gardening beds to protect and improve the soil.  

What happens to leaves when they fall to the ground? 

Using the example of a leaf falling to the ground is a great illustration of nature’s cycle and the important tasks soil organisms have. The rigid leaf layer is transformed into a soft carpet throughout the year due to moisture, warmth, and the work of soil organisms. Countless organisms feed on this organic mass and the complex decomposition process progresses to humus formation.